Hlau yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog hlau thiab carbon alloys, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, hlau yog ib tug compound ntawm hlau thiab carbon. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon, muaj ntau cov kab hauv cov hlau, qee qhov tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem smelting, thiab qee qhov yog siv los txhim kho lub zog thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau. Hauv daim ntawv no, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov hlau tau tham, suav nrog manganese, silicon, chromium, npib tsib xee, txhuas, vanadium, niobium, titanium, nitrogen, boron, tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen thiab hydrogen. .
yam tsis zoo
Sulfur: Nws yog ib qho teeb meem hauv cov hlau, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab, vuam zog thiab corrosion kuj ntawm hlau.
Phosphorus: Nws yog ib qho teeb meem hauv cov hlau, uas txo cov plasticity thiab toughness ntawm hlau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qis kub, lub toughness yog txo, uas yog hu ua "txias brittleness".
Oxygen: Nws yuav txo tau lub zog thiab plasticity ntawm cov hlau, nce qhov kub embrittlement tshwm sim, thiab txo qhov qaug zog.
Hydrogen: Nws tuaj yeem ua rau hydrogen embrittlement ntawm hlau, ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li pob dawb.
Lub npe hu ua cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo hauv kab lus no tsis yog qhov tseeb, thiab qee cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo kuj muaj qee qhov zoo, yog li hauv cov hlau siv rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Piv txwv li, leej faj nyob rau hauv carbon steel muaj cov nyhuv ntawm kev txhim kho lub machinability ntawm steel, yog li cov sulfur cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv dawb-txiav steel feem ntau txhob txwm nce kom tsim nyog.