Hlau yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog hlau thiab carbon alloys, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, hlau yog ib tug compound ntawm hlau thiab carbon. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon, muaj ntau cov kab hauv cov hlau, qee qhov tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem smelting, thiab qee qhov yog siv los txhim kho lub zog thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau. Hauv daim ntawv no, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov hlau tau tham, suav nrog manganese, silicon, chromium, npib tsib xee, txhuas, vanadium, niobium, titanium, nitrogen, boron, tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen thiab hydrogen. .
Cov ntsiab lus zoo
Silicon thiab manganese: yog cov feem ntau siv ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau.
Chromium thiab npib tsib xee: Tus nqi ntawm chromium thiab npib tsib xee hauv cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau tsis loj, feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj 1 feem pua. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau austenitic hlau. Chromium thiab npib tsib xee kuj tuaj yeem nce hlau. High atmospheric corrosion kuj, txhim kho kev cuam tshuam toughness thiab txo qhov txias-nkig hloov kub.
Molybdenum: Nws muaj qhov pom tseeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, molybdenum yog qhov muaj zog carbide tsim cov ntsiab lus, uas yog qhov zoo los txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov hlau thiab tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov hlau. Molybdenum kuj tseem tuaj yeem ncua kev hloov pauv ntawm supercooled austenite mus rau pearlite, uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau microstructure ntawm cov hlau. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm molybdenum yog los txhawb cov graphitization ntawm hlau.
Vanadium: Ua kom muaj zog hauv cov hlau los ntawm carbide nag lossis daus thiab cov nplej ua kom zoo. Cov ntsiab lus vanadium hauv cov hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau, txwv tsis pub nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm vuam thiab txo qhov tsis zoo.
Niobium: Nws yog ib qho muaj zog heev carbide tsim cov khoom. Niobium ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau los ntawm nag lossis daus hardening thiab grain refinement. Vim tias niobium carbide muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab tawg, nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov nplej, txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau, thiab ua rau cov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau hydrogen.
Titanium: ua zoo li vanadium thiab niobium, tab sis tsuas yog siv rau cov hlau tua vim nws muaj zog deoxidizing zog. Titanium yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws carbide qub thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hlau hauv qhov kub thiab txias siab hydrogen cua. Titanium tuaj yeem kho cov nplej thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau.
Boron: Feem ntau, tus nqi ntawm boron nyob rau hauv steel yog tsawg heev. Ib qho me me ntawm boron tuaj yeem txhim kho hardenability ntawm steel thiab txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias zog ntawm steel.
Nitrogen: Nws tuaj yeem yaj rau hauv ferrite thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev daws teeb meem ntxiv dag zog. Nitrogen tsis tsim cov carbides hauv cov hlau, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tsim nitrides nrog rau lwm cov hlau alloying, xws li TiN, AlN, los tsim cov nyhuv ntawm cov nplej refinement. Txawm li cas los xij, nitrogen yuav tsim pores thiab porosity nyob rau hauv cov hlau, txo cov corrosion kuj ntawm cov hlau.
Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj: muaj ntau heev hauv kuv lub tebchaws. Steelmaking feem ntau ntxiv cov nqi tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom tsis tshua muaj sib xyaw, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium thiab neodymium, uas tuaj yeem ntxuav cov impurities ntawm cov ciam teb thiab txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov hlau.