Cov txheej txheem tseeb ntawm qib stainless hlau sib txawv nyob rau theem tom qab. Yuav ua li cas qib ntawm cov hlau yog tsim, ua tiav thiab tiav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab nws cov tsos thiab cov khoom. Molten alloys yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej khoom xa tuaj tuaj yeem ua tau. Vim li no, feem ntau cov qib steel muaj ib qho kev pib pib.
Kauj Ruam 1: Melting
Ua stainless hlau pib los ntawm melting seem hlau thiab additives nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob arc rauv (EAF). Cov tshuab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob los ua kom sov cov hlau nyob rau ntau teev, tsim cov kua dej sib tov. Txij li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog 100 feem pua rov ua dua tshiab, ntau qhov kev txiav txim stainless hlau muaj txog li 60 feem pua cov hlau rov ua dua. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog pab tswj cov nqi xwb, tab sis kuj pab txo kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Qhov ntsuas kub yuav txawv raws li qib ntawm cov hlau ua.
Kauj Ruam 2: Tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus carbon
Carbon pab txhawb rau hardness thiab lub zog ntawm hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pa roj carbon ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam. Ua ntej casting stainless hlau kua, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau calibrate thiab txo cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus rau qib tsim nyog. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau cov chaw tsim khoom los tswj cov ntsiab lus carbon. Thawj yog decarbonization los ntawm argon oxygen (AOD). Txhaj tshuaj sib tov ntawm argon rau hauv cov kua hlau txo cov ntsiab lus carbon thaum txo qhov poob ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog nqus oxygen decarbonization (VOD). Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov hlau molten raug xa mus rau lwm lub chamber, qhov twg oxygen yog txhaj rau hauv cov hlau molten thaum nws rhuab. Lub tshuab nqus tsev ces tshem tawm cov pa tawm ntawm lub chamber, ntxiv txo cov ntsiab lus carbon. Ob txoj kev muab kev tswj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov yam ntxwv meej hauv cov khoom siv stainless hlau kawg.
Kauj ruam 3: Tuning
Tom qab txo cov pa roj carbon monoxide, qhov kub thiab txias thiab tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim rau qhov kawg sib npaug thiab homogenization. Qhov no ua kom cov hlau ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm nws cov qib npaj thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv ntau. Cov qauv raug kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas. Tom qab ntawd kho kom txog thaum sib tov ua tau raws li cov qauv xav tau.
KAUJ RUAM 4: FORM los yog casting
Nrog cov hlau molten tsim, lub foundry yuav tsum tam sim no tsim cov qauv qub siv los ua kom txias thiab ua haujlwm cov hlau. Cov duab thiab qhov ntev yuav nyob ntawm qhov khoom kawg.
Cov duab uas muaj xws li:
Paj
Billets
Slabs
Qws
Cov raj
Daim ntawv no raug cim nrog tus cim txhawm rau taug qab cov batch los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem ua raws. Cov kauj ruam ntawm no yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov xav tau qib thiab cov khoom kawg lossis cov yam ntxwv. Cov slabs tau ua slabs, strips thiab slices. Billets thiab billets ua cov tuav thiab xaim. Nyob ntawm qib lossis hom ntawv xaj, cov hlau yuav dhau los ntawm cov kauj ruam no ob peb zaug los tsim qhov xav tau lossis cov yam ntxwv.
Cov kauj ruam hauv qab no yog qhov feem ntau.
Kub Rolling
Lub recrystallization yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj ntawm cov hlau thiab cov kauj ruam no yuav pab txiav txim siab lub cev qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau. Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem ua rau cov hlau mos txaus los ua haujlwm yam tsis hloov cov qauv. Cov txheej txheem siv rov ua raws li maj mam hloov cov hlau. Feem ntau, qhov no yuav koom nrog ntau lub mills nyob rau lub sijhawm kom ua tiav qhov xav tau tuab.
Txias Rolling
Feem ntau siv thaum yuav tsum tau precision, txias dov tshwm sim hauv qab lub recrystallization kub ntawm cov hlau. Ntau yam kev txhawb nqa rollers yog siv los ua cov hlau. Cov txheej txheem no tsim kom muaj kev txaus nyiam, sib koom ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem deform tus qauv ntawm cov hlau, feem ntau xav tau kev kho cua sov kom recrystallize cov hlau rau nws cov qauv qub.
Annealing
Tom qab dov, feem ntau cov hlau mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem annealing. Qhov no suav nrog kev tswj cov cua sov thiab cua txias. Cov voj voog no pab ua kom cov hlau mos thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Qhov ntsuas kub thiab lub sijhawm yog nyob ntawm qib ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov cua sov thiab cua txias yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom kawg.
Descaling los yog Pickling
Raws li cov hlau ua haujlwm los ntawm ntau cov kauj ruam, nws feem ntau khaws cov nplai ntawm qhov chaw.
Qhov no tsub zuj zuj tsis yog tsuas yog unattractive. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov stain-resistance, durability thiab weldability ntawm cov hlau. Tshem tawm qhov ntsuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim cov oxide barrier uas muab stainless nws tus yam ntxwv corrosion thiab stain kuj.
Descaling los yog pickling tshem tawm cov nplai no siv cov kua qaub da dej (lub npe hu ua acid pickling) los yog los ntawm kev tswj cua sov thiab txias hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj oxygen.
Nyob ntawm cov khoom kawg, cov hlau yuav rov qab mus rau dov lossis extruding rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Qhov no yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem rov ua dua kom txog thaum ua tiav cov khoom xav tau.
Txiav
Thaum cov hlau ua haujlwm thiab npaj txhij, cov batch raug txiav kom haum raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog cov txheej txheem siv tshuab, xws li txiav nrog rab riam guillotine, riam ncig, cov hniav nrawm lossis xuas nrig ntaus nrog tuag.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov duab tsis yooj yim, nplaim taws txiav lossis plasma dav hlau txiav kuj tseem siv tau.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav nyob ntawm ob qib ntawm cov hlau thov thiab cov duab xav tau ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj.
Ua tiav
Stainless hlau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tiav los ntawm matte mus rau daim iav. Kev ua tiav yog ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam kawg uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li acid lossis xuab zeb etching, xuab zeb blasting, siv sib tsoo, siv buffing thiab siv polishing.
Lub sijhawm no, cov hlau tau sib sau ua ke hauv nws daim ntawv kawg thiab npaj rau kev xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Rolls thiab coils yog ntau txoj hauv kev rau ob qho tib si khw muag khoom thiab xa khoom ntau ntawm stainless rau siv hauv lwm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv kawg yuav nyob ntawm seb hom hlau xav tau thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb rau qhov kev txiav txim.